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Density measurement in liquids

Density, defined as the measure of mass per volume, plays a central role in the characterization of liquids. A densimeter is far more than just a device; it is an indispensable tool for achieving precision in numerous areas. Its applications range from ensuring product quality and control in pharmaceutical production to assisting in the formulation of chemical compounds. In conjunction with an acoustic sensor that responds to changes inliquid composition and concentration, this instrument transforms physical measurements such as mass, volume, and sound velocity into valuable data. This data then serves as a source of information and decision-making aid in various industries.

conditions is crucial for setting standards in the respective industries. By exploring these metrics, the density meter becomes not just a measuring instrument but a beacon for innovation and quality in the development and application of fluids.By exploring these metrics, the density meter becomes not just a measuring instrument but a beacon for innovation and quality in the development and application of fluids.

The ultrasonic measurement method of LiquiSonic®

The basis of the measurement method is a time measurement that can be implemented very accurately and with long-term stability. From the speed of sound, the concentration or density of a liquid is calculated, providing insight into product quality. Other parameters can also be determined, such as Brix content, solid content, dry mass, or suspension density.

Our ultrasonic measuring devices have no mechanical parts that can wear out or age. They have outstanding advantages over competing measurement methods for determining concentration and density.

The measurement method only requires precise time measurement. The speed of sound is calculated from the sound travel time and the known distance between transmitter and receiver. The typical sensor setup includes transmitter and receiver in a compact housing.

The measurement method is independent of the conductivity, color, and transparency of the liquid and is characterized by high reliability. The measurement accuracy of the devices is between 0.05 m% and 0.1 m%. In addition to the speed of sound measurement, all LiquiSonic® sensors have an integrated measurement of the temperature in the process.

Our LiquiSonic® concentration and density measuring devices are used in various processes for the analysis of liquids.

Typically, a calibration curve is determined from the ratio or relation between the speed of sound and the concentration. Based on this, the corresponding concentration is calculated from each measured speed of sound value.

Basics of density measurement

Density measurements play an important role in some processes. The mass of a specific substance in a volume is measured. The density is measured in kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³).

The formula for a simple density measurement of two substances is: ρ (Rho) is equal to the mass m per unit volume V.

As a physical unit, density is influenced by the temperature and pressure of the substances. This is because substances expand or contract with a change in temperature. Therefore, a change in temperature has a significant impact on the accuracy of the data in the samples, which is why it is essential for modern sensors to also monitor this component.

From the density, conclusions can be drawn about other chemical and physical properties of a material or substance. Thus, the measurement of density is an important reference point for quality control.

Density is defined for almost all materials. Due to the wide range of available information, density has become one of the most universal units that can be used in almost any process.

The accuracy of determining density can be significantly affected by various environmental influences. In particular, temperature and pressure play a crucial role, as they directly influence the physical states of a material. Temperature fluctuations can cause expansion or contraction of the substance being measured, which in turn leads to changes in its density. Likewise, a change in pressure causes a change in density, especially in gases.

Modern density measuring devices take these factors into account by applying temperature and pressure corrections to deliver precise and reliable results.

The accuracy of density determination can be significantly affected by various environmental influences. In particular, temperature and pressure play a crucial role, as they directly influence the physical states of a material. Temperature fluctuations can lead to an expansion or contraction of the material being measured, which in turn results in a change in its density. A change in pressure also causes a change in density, especially in gases.

Modern density measuring devices take these factors into account by applying temperature and pressure corrections to deliver precise and reliable results.

Development of measuring devices for determining density

Modern density measuring devices have made significant technological advances, leading to higher precision, efficiency, and versatility.

Historical measuring devices, such as simple hydrometers or mechanical scales, were heavily dependent on manual work and visual estimates, making them less reliable in the precise measurement of density.

Today's devices, however, include advanced technologies such as ultrasonic sensors that measure the speed of sound in a material or digital pycnometers that calculate volume and mass with the highest precision. These devices are capable of performing automated, fast, and highly precise measurements, even under fluctuating environmental conditions.

In addition, features such as automatic temperature and pressure compensation help reduce the impact of environmental changes on the measurement, thereby aiding in determining specific gravity with increased accuracy. These technological advancements in density measurement devices offer a more reliable, efficient, and versatile user experience compared to their historical counterparts.

Comparison to other measurement methods

Compared to alternative measurement methods, such as determining viscosity, the use of a density meter offers universal application advantages and often proves to be simpler and more cost-effective. Viscosity primarily characterizes the flow properties of a liquid, which is crucial in areas where flow behavior and shear forces are important, such as in the food industry or in the production of lubricants. In contrast, specific gravity,measured with a density meter, is the preferred method when it comes to determining the exact composition or quality of a substance.

Density measurement offers a crucial advantage in the analysis of substances in situations where conventional methods are insufficient. For example, in confined spaces, the applicability and accuracy of density-based assessments surpass those relying on the refractive index. While these measurements are based on the bending of light as it passes through liquids - which requires calibration and clear paths - density measurement uses a system that can also operate effectively in cramped environments.This adaptability makes density measurements an indispensable tool in various fields, including but not limited to chemical analyses and quality control processes. The precision of density measuring devices ensures that professionals can rely on their readings, making them a preferred method for applications requiring both stringent precision and a high degree of reliability.

This is particularly important in the chemical and petrochemical industries as well as in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Here, density meters with their sensors for specific gravity provide invaluable information for the identification of substances, quality control, and monitoring of mixing processes. Even at ambient temperatures, a density meter is an indispensable tool in areas that require precise and reliable measurement results.

Applications of Density Information

Density measurement in liquids is an important process in many application areas. For example, it plays a crucial role in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, where the density of liquids is a decisive factor in the production of drugs and chemicals.

In the food and beverage industry, density determination is also used to ensure the quality and consistency of products such as wine, beer, and milk.

In biology and medicine, the density of liquids is used to study cell and tissue cultures as well as sperm motility.

Furthermore, the density of liquids is continuously measured in the petrochemical industry and oil production to enable precise control of production processes. The diverse application areas of density measurement in liquids highlight its relevance and importance in various industrial sectors and for different purposes.

Methods of Density Measurement

There are various methods used to determine density. Each of these methods has its own advantages and limitations, making them suitable for different applications.

In precision measurement of liquid density, especially in industrial applications, the accuracy of the measurement methods used is crucial. This is particularly true for hazardous areas where the presence of flammable materials or vapors requires strict safety protocols. The ability to collect reliable data under such conditions is not only essential for workplace safety but also significantly contributes to the preservation ofproduct quality. Accurate density determination allows operators to monitor and control critical process parameters, thereby increasing operational efficiency while minimizing the risk of material losses and potentially dangerous situations.

Hydrometric method for measuring density

This traditional method uses a hydrometer, a special measuring instrument that is immersed in the liquid to be measured. The principle is based on Archimedes' principle: the hydrometer sinks to varying depths depending on the density of the liquid. The density can then be read directly from the scale of the hydrometer. This method is inexpensive and easy to handle, but less accurate and prone to errors due to temperature fluctuations and human reading errors.It is not suitable for viscous liquids or solids and provides more of a qualitative than a quantitative measurement.

Hydrostatic weighing method for determining density

In this method, an object is weighed both in air and in a liquid. The density of the liquid is calculated by relating the buoyancy experienced by the object in the liquid to its weight in air. This method is accurate and reliable but requires precise scales and is more time-consuming than other methods. It is particularly suitable for laboratory applications and for materials that require a high degree of accuracy in density measurement.

Radiometry

Radiological measurement of density

In this method, ionizing radiation, usually gamma or X-rays, is used to determine the density of a material. The radiation is passed through the material and a detector measures the attenuation of the radiation. The denser the material, the greater the attenuation. This method is well-suited for inhomogeneous or large objects and allows for non-invasive measurement. However, it requires specialized personnel and strict safety measures due to the use of ionizing radiation.

Pycnometer method for measuring density

A pycnometer is a precisely manufactured vessel with a known volume. To determine the density, the pycnometer is first weighed empty and then filled with the sample. The difference between the weights, divided by the volume of the pycnometer, gives the density of the sample. This method is very accurate and is often used for liquids and fine powders, but is less suitable for large quantities or materials with high viscosity.

Gas pycnometer for determining density

A gas pycnometer uses a gas (usually helium) to determine the density of solids. The sample is placed in a chamber and the volume of gas displaced by the sample is measured. The density is calculated from this volume and the mass of the sample. This method is particularly useful for porous materials or powders and offers high accuracy. However, it is more complex and generally limited to laboratory applications.

Our LiquiSonic® concentration and density measuring devices are used in various processes for the analysis of liquids.

In a typical case, a calibration curve is determined from the relationship between the speed of sound and the concentration. Based on this, the corresponding concentration is calculated from each measured speed of sound value.

Density measurements with LiquiSonic®

LiquiSonic® Systems are used in a variety of processes to determine the density of different substances inline and automatically.

More information

Density and speed of sound of some liquids

In the following table, we have listed the density and speed of sound of various liquids that are typically measured and used.

LiquidChemical formulaT [°C]
ρ  [kg/dm3]
v [m/s]
AcetalCyclohexane3Cyclohexane(OC2H5)2241.031378
Acetic acid acetateCyclohexaneCO.CyclohexaneCarboxyl2H5251.0211417
AcetoneCyclohexane3CO.Cyclohexane3200.79921192
Acetone dicarboxylic acidC.(Cyclohexane2Ester2H5)2221.0851348
diethyl ester
AcetonitrileCyclohexane3Cyanide200.7831304
AcetonylacetoneC6H10O2200.9711416
AcetophenoneC6H5.CO.Cyclohexane3201.0261496
AcetylacetoneC5H8O2200.971383
Acetyl chlorideC2H3Oxocarbonl201.1031060
Acetylene dichloride (cis)Chloroform = Chloroform251.2621025
Acetylene tetrabromide Bromoform2. Bromoform2202.9631041
Acetylene tetrachlorideChloroform2.Chloroform2281.5781155
AcroleinC3H4O200.8411207
Adipic acid diethyl esterCyclohexane2.Cyclohexane2.Ester2H5221.0131376
|
Cyclohexane°2Cyclohexane2.Ester2H5
Adipic acid dimethyl esterCyclohexane2Cyclohexane2EsterH3221.0671469
|
Cyclohexane2Cyclohexane2EsterH3
Ammonium nitrate 10%NH4Nitric oxide320 1540
Allyl chlorideCyclohexane2Cyclohexane . Cyclohexane2CChlorine280.9371088
Formic acidFormic acid201.2121287
Amyl ether (iso)C5H11Oxocarbon5H11260.7741153
Amyl alcohol (n)C5H11Hydroxyl200.8161294
Amyl alcohol (tert.)(Cyclohexane3)2C(Hydroxyl)C2H5280.8091204
Amyl acetateCyclohexane3Ester5H11260.8751168
Amyl bromide (n)C5H11Bromine201.223981
Amyl formateHEster5H11260.8691201
AnilineC6H5NH2201.0221656
Ascorbic acid 30%C6H8O620 1578
Barium sulfide 120 g/lBaS50 1591
BenzaldehydeC7H6O201.0461479
BenzeneC6H6200.8781326
Benzoyl chlorideC6H5Esterl281.2111318
Benzyl acetoneC10H12O200.9891514
Benzyl alcoholC7H7Hydroxyl201.0451540
Benzyl chlorideC7H7Chlorine201.0981420
Diethyl succinate(Cyclohexane2-Ester2H5)2221.0391378
Boric acid 5%H3BO330 1520
Pyruvic acidCMethoxy3Carboxyl201.2671471
BromineomalC2HOBromine3202.55966
Bromonaphthalene (a)C10H7Bromine201.4871372
Bromineomoform Bromoform3202.89928
Butyric acidC3H7Carboxyl200.9591203
Butyl alcohol (n)C4H9Hydroxyl200.811268
Butyl alcohol (iso)(Cyclohexane3)2CyclohexaneCyclohexane2Hydroxyl200.8021222
Butyl alcohol (tert)C4H10O200.7891155
Butyl acetate (n)Cyclohexane3Ester4H9260.8711271
Butyl bromide (n)Cyclohexane3(Cyclohexane2)2Cyclohexane2Bromine201.275990
Butyl chloride (n)C4H9Chlorine200.8841133
2,3-Butylene glycolC4H10O2251.0191484
Butyl formateHEster4H9240.9061199
Butyl iodide (n)Cyclohexane3(Cyclohexane2)2Cyclohexane2J201.614977
Butyllithium 20 1390
CaprolactamC6H11Nitric oxide120 1330
Caproic AcidC5H11Carboxyl200.9291280
Caprylic AcidC7H15Carboxyl200.911331
CarvacrolC10H14O200.9761475
QuinaldineC10H9N201.0691575
QuinolineC9H7N201.0931600
ChlorobenzeneC6H5Chlorine201.1071291
Ethyl ChloroacetateCyclohexane2Chloroacetic Acid2H5261.161234
Methyl ChloroacetateCyclohexane2Chloroacetic Acid Methyl Ester3261.2321331
Alpha-ChloronaphthaleneC10H7Chlorine20 1481
ChloroformChloroform3201.4891005
Ortho-ChlorotolueneC7H7Chlorine201.0851344
Meta-ChlorotolueneC7H7Chlorine201.071326
Para-ChlorotolueneC7H7Chlorine201.0661316
CinnamaldehydeC9H8O251.1121554
CitralC10H16O200.8591442
CrotonaldehydeC4H6O200.8561344
CyclohexaneC6H12200.7791284
CyclohexaneolC6H12O200.9621493
CyclohexanoneC6H10O200.9491449
CyclohexeneC6H10200.8111305
CyclohexylamineC6H13N200.8961435
Cyclohexyl ChlorideC6H11Chlorine200.9371319
CyclopentadieneC5H6200.8051421
CyclopentanoneC5H#O240.9481474
1-DeceneC10H20200.7431250
Decyl Alcohol (n)C10H21Hydroxyl200.8291402
Decyl Chloride (n)C10H21Chlorine200.8661318
Diacetone Sorbose 50% 50 1557
DiacetylC4H6O2250.991236
DiethylanilineC6H5Nitrogen Compound2H5)2200.9341482
Diethylene GlycolC4H10O3251.1161586
Diethylene Glycol Ethyl EtherC6H14O3250.9881458
Diethylene KetoneC2H5Ester2H5240.8131314
Dibromomethylene (cis) Bromoform .  Bromoform202.246957
Dibromomethylene (trans) Bromoform .  Bromoform202.231936
DichloroethaneC2H4Chlorine2201.2531034
Dichloroethylene (cis)Dichloroethylene201.2821090
Dichloroethylene (trans)Dichloroethylene201.2571031
Dichlorobenzene (meta)C6H4Chlorine2281.2851232
Dichlorobenzene (o)C6H4Chlorine2201.3051295
Diethylene glycol diethyl esterO(Cyclohexane2Ester2H5)2221.4331435
Dimethylamine, DMA 60%(Cyclohexane3)2NH200.8261430
DimethylanilineC8H11N200.9561509
Dimethylacetamide 90%C4H9Nitric oxide200.941550
Dimethyl benzoate    
Dimethylformamide, DMFC3H7Nitric oxide200.948 
Dimethylglutaric acidC(Cyclohexane3)2Carbonyl2H)2241.0381371
Dimethyl ester
DioxaneC4H8O2201.0381389
DipenteneC10H16240.8641328
Diphenyl etherC6H5Oxocarbon6H5241.0721469
DiphenylmethaneC6H5  - CH2  - C6H5281,0061501
Di-n-propyl etherC6H14O200,7471112
n-Dodecyl alcoholC12H25Hydroxyl300.8271388
Iron(II) sulfateFeSO4201,9 
Elaidic acidC18H34O2450.8731346
Acetic acidCyclohexane3Carboxyl201.0491150
Acetic anhydride(Cyclohexane3CO)2O241,9751384
Ethyl etherC4H10O200,7141008
Ethyl alcoholC2H5Hydroxyl200.7891180
Ethyl acetateCyclohexane3Ester2H5200.91176
Ethylene oxideC2H4O260.8921575
EthylbenzeneC6H5.C2H5200.8681338
EthylbenzylanilineC15H17N201,0291586
Ethyl bromideC2H5Bromine281,428892
Ethyl butyrateC3H. Ester2H5240.8771171
Ethyl caprylateCyclohexane3(Cyclohexane2)6Ester2H5280.8721263
Ethylene bromideC2H4Bromine2202,0561009
Ethylene chlorideCyclohexane2Chlorine . Cyclohexane2Chlorine231.2551240
Ethylene glycolC2H6O2201,1151616
EthyleneimineC2H5N240.83211395
Ethyl formate. Ester2H5241.1031721
Ethyl iodideC2H5J201.94869
Ethyl carbonateCO(Oxocarbon2H5)2280.9771173
Ethyl phenyl ketoneC9H10O201.0091498
Ethyl phthalateC6H4Carbonyl2H5)2231.1211471
Ethyl propionateC2H5Ester2H5230.8841185
Hydrofluoric acidHF01.21362
Formaldehyde 60%Cyclohexane2O851.1031516
FormamideCyclohexane3Nitric oxide201.1391550
Fumaric acidC4H4O4201.0511303
Furfuryl alcoholC5H6O2251.1351450
Geranyl acetateC12H20O2280.9151328
GlycerinC3H8O3201.2611923
HemellitholC9H12200.8871372
Heptane (n)C7H16200.6841162
HeptanoneC7H14O200.8141207
1-HepteneC7H14200.6991128
Heptyl alcohol (n)C7H15Hydroxyl200.8231341
Hexamethylene 201.2012060
diaminodipinate
HexaneC6H14200.6541083
Hexyl alcohol (n)C6H13Hydroxyl200.821322
Hexyl chloride (n)C6H13Chlorine200.8721221
Hexyl iodide (n)C6H13J201.4411081
HydrindeneC9H10200.911403
IndeneC9H8200.9981475
Isopropylbenzene (Cumene)C6H5Cyclohexane(Cyclohexane3)2200.8781342
IodobenzeneC6H5J201.831113
Ionone AC13H20O200.9321432
Carbolic acidC6H5Hydroxyl201.0711520
Kerosene 200.811301
Cresol (o)C7H8O251.0461506
Cresol ethyl ether (o)C6H4(Cyclohexane3)Oxocarbon2H5250.9441315
Cresol methyl ether (m)C6H4CyclohexaneMethoxy3260.9761385
Linseed oil 310.9221772
LinaloolC10H17Hydroxyl200.8631341
Lithium bromideLiBromine20 1612
Lithium chlorideLiChlorine202.068 
Maleic acidC4H4O201.0681352
Diethyl malonateCyclohexane2Carbonyl2H5)2221.051386
MesityleneC6H3(Cyclohexane3)2200.8631362
Mesityl oxideC6H10 degreesO200.851310
Methyl ethyl ketoneC4H8O200.8051207
Methyl alcoholCyclohexane3Hydroxyl200.7921123
Methyl acetateCyclohexane3EsterH3250.9281154
N-Methyl anilineC7H9N200.9841586
Methyldiethanolamine, MDEAC5H13Nitric oxide2201.041572
Methylene bromideCyclohexane2Bromine2242.453971
2-Methyl butanolC5H11Hydroxyl300.8061225
Methylene chlorideCyclohexane2Chlorine2 degrees201.3361092
Methylene iodideCyclohexane2J2243.233977
Methylene hexalinC6H10(Cyclohexane3)Hydroxyl220.9131528
Methyl hexyl ketoneCyclohexane3COxocarbon6H13240.8171324
Methyl isopropyl benzene (p)C6H4Cyclohexane3Cyclohexane(Cyclohexane3)2280.8571308
Methyl isobutyl ketone, MIBKC6H12O200.81220
Methyl iodideCyclohexane3J202.279834
Methyl propionateC2H5EsterH3240.9111215
Methyl silicone 20 1030
Methyl cyclohexaneC7 degreesH14200.7641247
Methyl cyclohexanol (o)C7H14O260.9221421
Methyl cyclohexanol (m)C7H14O260.9141406
Methyl cyclohexanol (p)C7H14O260.921387
Methyl cyclohexanone (o)C7H12O260.9241353
Methyl cyclohexanone (p)C7H12O260.9131348
MonochloronaphthaleneC10H7Chlorine271.1891462
Monomethylamine, MMA 40%Cyclohexane5N200.91765
MorpholineC4H9Nitric oxide2511442
Sodium hydroxideNaHydroxyl201.432440
Sodium hypochloriteNaOxocarbonl201.221768
Sodium iodideNaJ50 1510
NicotineC10H14N2201.0091491
Nitroethyl alcoholNitric oxide2C2H4Hydroxyl201.2961578
NitrobenzeneC6H5Nitric oxide2201.2071473
NitromethaneCyclohexane3Nitric oxide2201.1391346
Nitrotoluene (o)Cyclohexane3C6H4Nitric oxide2201.1631432
Nitrotoluene (m)Cyclohexane3C6H4Nitric oxide2201,1571489
NonaneC9H20200.7381248
1-NoneneC9H18200.7331218
Nonyl alcohol (n)C9H19Hydroxyl200.8281391
Oleic acid (cis)C18H34O2450.8731333
Pelargonic acidC6H13Carboxyl200.9221312
Octane (n)C8H18200.7031197
1-OcteneC8H16200.7181184
Octyl alcohol (n)C8H17Hydroxyl200.8271358
Octyl bromide (n)C8H17Bromine201.1661182
Octyl chloride (n)C8H17Chlorine200.8721280
Olive oil 320.9041381
Diethyl oxalateCarbonyl2H5)2221.0751392
ParaldehydeC6H12O3200.9941204
PentaneC5H12200.6211008
PentachloroethaneC2Hydrochloric acid5201.6721113
1-PentadeceneC15H30200.781351
PerchloroethyleneC2Chlorine4201.6141066
Phenethyl ether (Phenetol)C6H5Oxocarbon2H5260.7741153
PentaneC5H12200.6211008
Petroleum 340.8251295
Benzyl alcoholC8H9Hydroxyl301.0121512
PhenylhydrazineC6H8N2201.0981738
AnisoleC6H5Methoxy3261.1381353
Beta-phenylpropyl alcoholC9H11Hydroxyl300.9941523
Phenyl mustard oilC6H5Thiocyanate271.1311412
Picoline (a)C5H4NCyclohexane3280.9511453
Picoline (b)Cyclohexane3C5H4N280.9521419
PineneC10H16240.7781247
PiperidineC5H11N200.861400
Phosphoric acid 50%H3Phosphate4251.33341615
Polyvinyl acetate, PVAc 24 1458
n-PropionitrileC2H5Cyanide200.7871271
Propionic acidCyclohexane3Cyclohexane2Carboxyl200.9921176
Propyl alcohol (n)C3H7Hydroxyl200.8041223
Isopropyl alcoholC3H7Hydroxyl200.7861170
Propyl acetateCyclohexane3Ester3H7260.8911182
Propyl chloride (n)C3H7Chlorine200.891091
Propylene glycolC3H8O2201.4321530
Propyl iodideC3H7J201.747929
Pseudobutyl-m-xyleneC12H18200.8681354
PseudocumeneC9H12200.8761368
Phthalic anhydrideC6H4-(CO)2O201.527 
PyridineC6H5N200.9821445
MercuryHg2013.5951451
Resorcinol dimethyl etherC6H4(Methoxy3)2261.0541460
Resorcinol monomethyl etherC6H4OH Methoxy3261.1451629
SalicylaldehydeHydroxyl C6H4CyclohexaneO271.1661474
Methyl salicylateHydroxylC6H4EsterH3281.181408
Hydrochloric acid 35%Hydrochloric acid201.17381510
Carbon disulfideCS2201.2631158
Sulfuric acid 90%H2SO4201.8141455
Tetraethylene glycolC8H18O5251.1231586
TetrabromomethaneC2H2Bromine4202.9631041
TetrachloroethaneC2H4Chlorine201.61171
TetrachloroethyleneC2Chlorine4281.6231027
Carbon tetrachlorideCChlorine4201.595938
Tetrahydrofuran, THFC4H8O200.8891304
TetralinC10H12200.9671492
TetranitromethaneCyanide4O8201.6361039
Thiodiglycolic acid
diethyl ester
S(Cyclohexane2Ester2H5)2221.1421449
     
Thioacetic acidC2H4OS201.0641168
ThiopheneC4H4S201.0651300
o-ToluidineC7H9N200.9981634
m-ToluidineC7H9N200.9891620
TolueneC7H8200.8661328
Transformer oil 320.8951425
Triethylene glycolC6H14O4251.1231608
TrichloroethyleneC2Hydrochloric acid3201.4771049
1,2,4-TrichlorobenzeneC6H3Chlorine3201.4561301
1-TrideceneC13H26200.7671313
Trimethylene bromideC3H6Bromine223.51.9771144
TrioleinC3H5(C18H33O2)3200.921482
1-UndeceneC11H22200.7521275
Valeric acidC4H9Carboxyl200.9421244
Vinyl acetate, VAcC4H6O2200.9317900
WaterH2O250.9971497
Xylene (o)C8H10200.8711360
Xylene (m)C8H10200.8631340
Xylene (p)C8H10200.861330
Lemon oil 290.891076
Citric acid 60%C6H8O720 1686

The measurement of the density of liquids is of great importance in many scientific and industrial applications, as it provides essential information about the composition and properties of liquids. The density of a liquid is a measure of mass per unit volume and can be used to determine a variety of properties.

Accurate knowledge of the density of liquids is crucial for the formulation of chemical recipes, the control of product quality and safety, as well as for the exploration of physical and chemical properties of liquids. In this context, density determination plays an important role and is a fundamental measurement in this area.

LiquiSonic® is an ultrasonic analyzer for determining the concentration and density of process liquids.