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Keep a constant eye on the glycol concentration in the cooling circuit of data centers


The LiquiSonic® Sensor determines the glycol content in the water-glycol mixture directly in the line. Without sampling, without optical window, without recalibration.

The same sensor detects gas bubbles in the medium and reports them as a disturbance variable. This means that even after service work it is clear in which condition the circuit is actually running.

Measured value every second

Concentration and temperature continuously, not just during the service interval

Nothing to clean

No prism, no membrane, no wearing parts in the medium

Gas bubbles visible

Air entry after filling and service work is reported as a disturbance variable

Skid, pipeline, CDU

Retrofitting existing or installed in the device ex works

The glycol concentration in a liquid-cooled data center can be controlled with a LiquiSonic®-Determine the ultrasonic sensor directly in the pipeline. The speed of sound is measured in the water-glycol mixture; The influence of temperature is also measured and calculated. The glycol content follows clearly from this physical quantity, without sampling, titration or reference liquid.

If the mixing ratio shifts, for example due to make-up with pure water, due to extraneous water from the heat exchanger or due to a different batch, this can be seen as a trend before frost protection and heat transfer leave the specification.


The cooling circuit is a blind spot between two samples

Direct‑to‑chip cooling dissipates the majority of server waste heat via a water‑glycol mixture. The frost protection protects the cables outdoors, the inhibitor package protects copper and aluminum in channels less than a millimeter. Both depend on the mixing ratio, and this shifts quietly: through make-up, through scattering between delivery containers, through glycol breakdown at a permanently high flow temperature. It only becomes noticeable when there is a lack of performance.

Where concentration wanders

  • Topping up with pure water dilutes the mixture unnoticed
  • Batch variation between containers and deliveries
  • External water via a leaking heat exchanger
  • Evaporation at high points and expansion vessels
  • Glycol degradation at high operating temperatures

What follows from this

  • The frost protection can no longer be verified
  • Heat transfer decreases, pump energy increases
  • Corrosion and biofilm in cold plates and heat exchangers
  • Deviation from hardware manufacturer's fluid specification
  • Coolant change based on calendar instead of condition

Limits of the usual test

  • Hand-held refractometer and Brix reading: point-based and temperature-dependent
  • Laboratory sample and titration: result days later
  • Conductivity follows salts and inhibitor, not glycol content
  • Density-based measurement reacts to gas bubbles and installation position
  • Inline refractometer: the prism becomes occupied in the circuit

LiquiSonic® Sensor: Ultrasound in the middle of the circuit

A LiquiSonic sensor is used® Series designed to monitor coolant integrity without any maintenance. Two ultrasonic transducers are located at a fixed distance in the sensor head. The speed of sound results from the transit time of a pulse and the known measuring distance, and from this the temperature-compensated glycol content. The value is absolute, it is not tracked against a reference.

One fabric size, not a replacement size
Color, turbidity, inhibitor dye and conductivity do not change the measurement result. A physical property of the mixture itself is measured.

Temperature included
Each sensor records the media temperature with high precision and calculates its influence directly. Fluctuating flow temperatures do not shift the concentration value.

Gas bubbles are released
Gas in the medium changes the shape of the received signal. The sensor evaluates this and provides it as its own signal, regardless of the concentration.

Long distances between sensor and evaluation
The transmission is digital and carries up to 1,000 m. The controller can be in the technical room, even if the measuring point is far away.

What the operating staff sees on the device

 The controller stands at the process and shows the status of the circuit without having to go through a control system. For trend recording, logbook and limit value management, it is also the point where everything comes together.

The main value without conversion
Concentration is big in the picture, in the unit in which your specification is written.

Allowed band as a bar
The scales on the left show how far concentration and temperature are from their limits without having to compare numbers.

Limit becomes action
If the concentration falls below the band or the gas proportion increases, this can be connected to a digital output and the countermeasure starts automatically.

The two typical events in trend

The concentration drifts away

Not a jump, but a drift: over a few hours the glycol content drops from 26.1 vol% to 23.0 vol% and falls below the minimum. A manual measurement during the service interval does not exactly match the intermediate values.

Possible causes: Make-up with pure water, extraneous water via a leaky heat exchanger, a different delivery batch.

Gas enters the circuit

The concentration remains at 26.1 vol%, while the gas content increases to 2.7 vol% within an hour and continues to fluctuate. The flow meter reports unchanged volume during this time.

Possible causes: incomplete ventilation after filling, work on quick couplings, outgassing at high flow temperatures.

Both curves come from the same measuring point. What differentiates them is the size that moves. One is the concentration, the other is the gas content, with the concentration remaining unchanged (schematic curves for illustration).

Two ways into the cooling circuit

Whether the sensor goes into the coolant distribution unit at the device manufacturer or is later placed in the existing pipeline does not change the measurement. It just changes who installs it and where the values ​​go.

Ex works in the CDU
Two measuring points in the device, one in the flow of the facility circuit and one in the flow of the server circuit. The sensor reports to the existing CDU controller, there is no need for an additional operating device. We implement customer-specific housings, connections and interfaces even in small series.

Retrofitted in the pipeline
Sensor and controller are placed outside the device in the existing line. The easiest way to get started is at the filling and mixing skid: this is where the largest deviations occur and no productive circle needs to be touched.

Technical background

From running time to concentration
The speed of sound of a liquid is determined by its composition and temperature. For water-glycol mixtures the relationship is monotonous, so a measured value can be assigned to a glycol proportion. Common recipes for ethylene and propylene glycol are stored, and we will include others with your product name. Because the measuring section is mechanically fixed, the result does not drift.

Gas bubbles as a disturbance variable
Gas in the medium not only shifts the speed of sound, it changes the entire shape of the received signal. This evaluation runs parallel to the concentration measurement and is output as an additional signal. This shows that air is moving in the circuit, even if the flow meter continues to report volume inconspicuously.

Related sizes that are often meant
Density, Brix, conductivity or freezing point often appear in inquiries as synonyms for concentration. The glycol content can be determined directly from the ultrasound measurement and the freezing point can be derived from this. Density and conductivity values ​​remain their own measurement variables with their own disruptive influences; they are not a replacement.

Economic benefit

Less manual labor

✔ - Sampling and manual measurement are not necessary in regular operation

✔ - Coolant is replaced according to condition, not according to the calendar

✔ - No cleaning, no recalibration during operation

Avoid damage

✔ - An avoided cooling failure pays for the investment

✔ - Frost protection and inhibitor protection remain detectable

✔ - Air entry is noticeable before pumps cavitate

Proof in hand

✔ - Complete recording instead of random samples throughout the year

✔ - Documented release after filling and service

✔ - Provable compliance with the fluid specification

Designs, connections and design

Diving sensor with flange
Directly into pipe or container, in various installation lengths.

Flow adapter
For narrow pipes and small flows, easy to service.

Process connections
From clamps and weld-in adapters to customer-specific flanges.

Components for OEMs
Sensor, electronics, and adapters newly combined to fit your device.

Installation options

  • Installation lengths from 92 mm to 3,000 mm
  • All common flanges, threads, and clamp connections
  • Adapters for small and large pipe cross-sections

Materials
Water-glycol mixtures with a typical inhibitor package do not place any special requirements; standard stainless steel is sufficient.

OEM and custom designs
We implement customer-specific designs, process connections, and interfaces starting at about 20 units per year. Tell us your installation space, connection, and bus.

Quick overview

Measuring range, accuracy, temperature, pressure rating, and material depend on the version and influence each other. That is why we configure the sensor together with you and specify the reliable values for your circuit.

  • Measurement principle: Ultrasonic, temperature-compensated, inline
  • Measured variables: Glycol concentration, media temperature, interference detection for gas bubbles
  • Installation: Pipeline, tank, or bypass; installation length and connection according to application
  • Interfaces: Analog outputs and HART on the sensor, Modbus via RS485; on the controller additionally relay outputs, trend, and logbook
  • Maintenance: maintenance-free, one-time factory calibration

Practical examples and use cases

Operators and colocation

Availability is contractually guaranteed, and the coolant crosses the boundary to the customer. Continuous measurement turns a question of responsibility into a documented fact.

CDU and skid manufacturers

Cooling capacity, approach, and pressure drop are guaranteed, while the operator provides the fluid. As an installed measurement core, the sensor provides a basis for that commitment.

Engineering and commissioning

The project specification defines concentration and chemistry limits. On the fill and flush skid, the sensor verifies the initial fill and documents that it was maintained.

Cooling and heating systems

Brine and glycol circuits in production, food refrigeration, and heating networks: freeze protection remains verifiable, and refilling is monitored instead of estimated.

35 years of experience in inline concentration measurement

SensoTech has been developing measurement technology for liquids in the process industry since 1990. Our systems operate worldwide under demanding conditions, from chemicals and pharmaceuticals to battery manufacturing.


35+

Years of experience

50+

Countries worldwide

ISO 9001

Quality-certified


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Frequently asked questions

How can I tell that my cooling circuit is operating out of specification?

Usually late. A slightly diluted mixture continues cooling, but transfers heat less effectively, and freeze protection shifts without any limit value being triggered. This usually becomes visible in performance or in the next lab sample. Continuous measurement shows the shift while operation is still running normally.

We check with a handheld refractometer. What additional benefit does inline measurement provide?

For a single value, the refractometer is often sufficiently accurate. However, it only provides a single point in time, depends on the person reading it and the sample temperature, and does not create a record. A slow drift over days as well as air ingress after service work are practically impossible to detect with it.

Is this a density measurement?

No. What is measured is the speed of sound in the medium, not its density. Both are material properties related to concentration, but they respond differently to disturbances: density-based methods are particularly affected by gas bubbles and installation position, while for ultrasonic measurement gas bubbles are usable information.

Does the sensor replace laboratory analysis or titration?

For concentration, it takes over that task during ongoing operation. Parameters such as pH, reserve alkalinity, inhibitor content, hardness, or dissolved metals remain laboratory parameters and continue to be checked periodically. Inline measurement closes the gap between those samples.

Can it replace conductivity measurement in the CDU?

In many cases, yes. The factors that trigger a conductivity measurement, such as introduced salts, hardness-forming substances, or a changed inhibitor package, also shift the speed of sound in the medium. Such a deviation therefore also becomes visible as an anomaly, in addition to the glycol content and gas content. Whether conductivity measurement in the circuit still remains useful depends on the limit values required by your water chemistry.

Does this work with our manufacturer's coolant?

Yes. The speed-of-sound versus concentration curve varies slightly depending on the formulation, but the basic relationship is always the same. Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are distinguished, common products are stored, and we can add others. Tell us the manufacturer and product name.

Can the freezing point be derived from this?

Yes. For a known glycol product, the freezing point can be calculated from concentration and temperature. Freeze protection no longer has to be estimated using a conversion table.

Does the sensor detect gas bubbles in the circuit?

Yes. Gas in the medium changes the shape of the received ultrasonic signal. This evaluation runs alongside concentration measurement and is output as a separate signal. This makes air ingress after initial filling or after work on quick couplings detectable, even if the concentration itself hardly changes.

Our server circuit runs on deionized water instead of glycol. What then?

Then gas bubble detection in the circuit remains, as it is independent of the fluid choice. The facility circuit with the outdoor lines usually still carries a glycol mixture, so concentration measurement remains fully applicable there.

How do the values get into DCIM or the building management system?

The sensor provides analog outputs and HART, and Modbus is implemented via RS485. If a controller is also used, relay outputs for limit values as well as trend recording and a logbook are added. We determine which combination fits based on your control system.

Will the sensor fit into our pipeline?

Mostly yes. Standard flanges, threads and clamp connections, installation lengths from 92 mm to 3,000 mm as well as adapters for small and large cross sections are available. A bypass is not required. We manufacture special designs according to your specifications.

What maintenance is required?

None. There are no mechanical wear parts, no seals in the medium, and no optical window that could become coated. Regular recalibration is not intended; the factory calibration remains stable for years. This matters twice as much in data centers because any intervention in an active loop requires a change request.

Is this worthwhile for OEM quantities?

Yes. We implement customer-specific designs, process connections, and interfaces starting at about 20 units per year. For installation in a CDU or a cooling skid, a dedicated operator interface is often unnecessary because the sensor reports directly to your control system.

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